It should be noted that the notion of the outbreak of tswana wars in the late eighteenth. The causes and impact of the mfecane in south africa essay. This page consists of pdf answers on the history of the algerian war of independence through a summary of questions and answers quizlet formate to help students and teachers of african history for quick learning, evaluation, and lesson plans. Although no one can pinpoint exactly what caused the mfecane, most believe the causes emerged at the end of the eighteenth and the start of the nineteenth centuries. Some of the key battles of ww1 were the battle of marne 19141918, battle of ypres 1914,1915 and 1917,the battle of somme 1916, battle of cambria and the famous. Since the 1990s, we have faced veritable civil war levels of violent crime. Many of its effects were negative and destructive, others were positive and constructive. In 1853, moshweshwe as a result of a surprise dawn. The causes of the anglozulu war have been seen by historians primarily in terms of the larger geopolitical issues of the mid to late 19 th century. However, the map clearly shows that while the area we now know as botswana suffered by the passing through of a couple of warrior groups, these groups continued on to settle elsewhere. Causes of the mfecane essay example 867 words cram. Effects of mfecane on the peoples of southern, central and eastern africa. Explain the spread of the mfecane in southern africa. Some of the key battles of ww1 were the battle of marne 19141918, battle of ypres 1914,1915 and 1917,the battle of somme 1916, battle of cambria and the famous battle of verdun 1916.
Mfecane is sometimes referred to as the war of wondering and it accompanied the rise of the zulu people. Jun 06, 2012 causes of world war one isaiah puryear mr. The mfecane led to the creation of strong centralised new states that is, the zulu under shaka, ngwane under sobhuza, ngoni states, ndebele and kololo. The causes of the mfecane were emerging by the end of the eighteenth century, when population levels. The causes of the anglozulu war have been seen by historians primarily in terms of the larger.
The brainstorming stage then requires thinking about one or more causes of that effect. Accepted idea was that the radical political and social changes among the bantu societies were caused by the expansion of the zulu kingdom under shaka zulu. Jul 04, 2019 the mfecane was partly caused by changes in the nguni groups that resulted in the development of the zulu nation. The mfecane and its effects publish your masters thesis. The causes of the mfecane were emerging by the end of the eighteenth century, when population levels increased rapidly, and ecological resources were. Bay has been discussed, it has been in order to discover the true causes of the internal revolution. Mfecane was the period of widespreading warfare plundening. The impact of the mfecane on the cape colony essay sample the impact of the mfecane on the cape colony, dealt with the impact that the movement had on the lives of those included in the movement. The mfecane spread from there, leading to the formation and consolidation of other groups such as the matable, the mfengu and the makololoand the creation of states such as the modern lesotho wikipedia, 2008. Some astonishingly selective use or actual invention of evidence produced the myth of an internallyinduced process of blackonblack destruction centring on shakas zulu.
The crushing series of zulu and other nguni wars and forced migrations of the second and third decades of the 19th century that changed the demographic, social, and political configuration of southern and central africa and parts of eastern africa. The mfecane was one of a period which witnessed many theories being developed and produced which tries to account for mfecane. Click download or read online button to get the mfecane book now. These individuals were the nguni speaking and sotho speaking people of southern africa. The mfecne resulted in the death of so many people and destruction of property. The brainstorming stage then requires thinking about one or more causes. Topic discuss the causes of the mfecane, taking into consideration the variety of historiography on this event. Eldredge, sources of conflict in the southern africa,c. Algerian war of independence history is all about what led to the algerian war of independence and how it ended, and who was involved. Mfecane refers to a period of political disruption and population migration in southern africa which occurred during the 1820s and 1830s. Explanations have emphasized various anthropogenic environmental causes like ecological and demographic change. Mfecane was unquestioned fact of southern africa until the 1980s.
To large extent by his enemies to create this kingdom through the mfecane as refugees sought asylum. The mfecane and its effects the single event that made the most profound effect on. Mfecane historiography has separated the advent of the fingo. Causes of mfecane several reasons have been advanced by scholars for the outbreak of the mfecane. This type of essay may focus more on the causes or more on the effects, but most writers answer this question by thinking of an effect or a final result. There were causes of this movement, so the following are the causes of mfecane war. Orthodox historians maintain that the mfecane was a great series of wars and raids initiated and perpetrated by the. Mfecane war south african history consists of a series of events that took place during the early 19 century in south africa.
Aug 30, 2011 the mfecane was a period of chaos and indigenous tribal warfare in south africa that saw the near depopulation of the region from 1815 to around 1840 timeframe. The mfecane had a long lasting impact on the history of southern africa. Also during that period saw the growth of trade and the establishment of several european colonies. When tracing the causes of the mfecane the net was cast wider, taking into consideration other factors that may well have contributed to the massive destruction in southeast africa. The main cause of mfecane was shakas leadership and interest in war with other communities download full paper file format doc, available for editing. Forging the chains the notion that the wars of shaka affected the whole of the eastern half of southern africa and. Coined the term mfecane in the zulu aftermath in 1966. Others conceived the mfecane not as a period but a wave or storm which passed over different regions at different periods. Effects of mfecane on southern and central africa free. In 1853, moshweshwe as a result of a surprise dawn attack that led to the capture of the tlokwa mountain. The word mfecane is derived from xhosa term ukufaca to become a thing from hunger and fetocanic starring intruders.
The mfecane was a period of chaos and indigenous tribal warfare in south africa that saw the near depopulation of the region from 1815 to around 1840 timeframe. Reconstructive debates in southern african history by hamilton and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. The mfecanedifaqane problem from the documentary record. Pdf the account of mfecane farai mushangwe academia. The causes of the anglozulu war have been seen by historians primarily in terms of the larger geopolitical. How the bantus permanently changed the face of africa 2,000 years ago history of the bantu peoples duration. The mfecane was nowhere near as clean cut as this map makes out. Describe the basis for the rise of the zulu kingdom. Based on the historiography covering this event, historians believed many elements caused the mfecane. This caused a chain reaction and led to further confrontations and wars. This forced migration was caused by a series of wars that engulfed the area between different states over land and resources. The sotho refers to the mfecane as the defecane or lifaquane, which means forced migration.
Among the causes of the mfecane include overpopulation, refugee problems and drought and famine. Sotho version of the better known xhosa mfecane, both of them neologisms describing this period of mass migration and killings. Theories vary as to the causes of the catastrophic warfare and migration of many ethnic. The historical discourse about the forces underlying the mfecanedifaqane has focused on the standard story, a zulucentric version of african internal dynamics. The mfecane was partly caused by changes in the nguni groups that resulted in the development of the zulu nation. Discuss the effects of the mfecane in southern africa.
Mfecane means a period of war and conflicts, troubles in southern africa. Deaths caused by mfecane are estimated to be around 1 million to 2 million to access more topics go to the history notes page. First of all, the population explosion in the area of southern africa among the nguni people led to wars that opened the way for the mfecane. Shaquia lewis october 3, 20 the period of revolutionary changes in southern africa is often referred to as mfecane. Tlogatloga jss mfecane difaqane wars objectives facebook. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Noble 4th 325 world war one had many key players, countries and empires being great britain, france, german, austriahungary and russia. African resistance to the boers, the rise of the zulu peoples and their expansion northwards at the expense of other bantu groups. We need to note however that the botswanan tribes also suffered as a result of the outflow of. The causes of conflicts in africa are many and they frequently recur, including major causes of potential tensions and conflicts, which could perhaps be summarised and classified below. Effects of mfecane on the peoples of southern, central and eastern africa the mfecane had a long lasting impact on the history of southern africa. If julian cobbing is right in his contention that the root causes of the mfecane lie not in the zulu. This thesis undertakes a journey through a host of published works, books.
Mfecane was coined by e a walker in his 1928 book a history of south africa, which he translates into the. Jan 16, 2012 thesotho word for mfecane was difagane. Download file to see previous pages it is evidently clear from the discussion that mfecane took place as a result of nationbuilding that was aggressively done by the zulu lead by shaka and the ndebele of mzilikazi. The mfecane reconsidered, the journal of african history,vol. Mfecane was known as the crushing because of the many wars that took place in the beginning of the. The mfecane is a characteristic product of south african liberal history used by the apartheid state to legitimate south africas racially unequal land division. Reconstructive debates in southern african history.
Mfecane refers to a period of political disruption and population migration in south africa to other areas during 1820sand 1830s europeans called mfecane. Pdf on jun 1, 1998, pamela scully and others published carolyn hamilton, editor. This study examines how mfecane history was written from the first published articles in mid1823 until walker coined the concept mfecane in 1928. Jun 21, 2018 south africa faces a time of strife that we would like to ignore. When tracing the causes of the mfecane the net was cast wider. Many herds of livestock and supplies of grain were destroyed with.
The effects of mfecane can be grouped into positive and negative effects. This worksheet answers questions about the mfecane war in south africa such as when did mfecane war started, why mfecane war, what is mfecane war and its causes, why mfecane spread so far, and more. A social and economic history of the african people of. Common to many conflicts is the unsatisfactory nature of interstate borders. Before the effects of the mfecane is discussed it is important to look at factors that led to the mfecane. The causes of the mfecane were emerging by the end of the eighteenth century, when population levels increased rapidly, and ecological resources were sometimes scarce. Quick netone, telecel, africom, and econet airtime recharge. It is worth speculating why mulder used the lesserknown version in his speech. A time perhaps not as brutal as the original mfecane, where untold numbers of people were slain in brutal conquest, but potentially just as disruptive. Discuss the causes of conflicts among the nguni that led to the mfecane.
The historiographical development of the concept mfecane. This paper illustrates mfecane as one of the facts of the south africans that were able to illustrate several social and political upheavals that were experienced by the african societies. The mfecane was set in motion by the rise of the zulu military kingdom under shaka c. The mfecane was now perceived as being no different from the wars fought between whites and african chiefdoms and kingdoms in the pre and post mfecane era. The military inventions of the zulu state spread into different parts of central and southern africa. By 1840, there was constant was between him and sikonyela of the tlokwa who was very cruel and war loving.
Intensification of mfecane after a series of attacks by shaka, many states began to adopt his military tactics so that they are able to defend themselves, for example, the ngwane and hlubi the states began attacking each other and this intensified the mfecane. Mfecane is an nguni word which means crushing and was used by the nguni to describe the violent wars that tore apart central and southern africa between 1820 and1835. The impact of the mfecane on the cape colony essay example. Zulu wars, and now, more singularly than ever, the mfecane. The crushing, sotho difaqane, series of zulu and other nguni wars and forced migrations of the second and third decades of the 19th century that changed the demographic, social, and political configuration of southern and central africa and parts of eastern africa.